Copa America Explained: History, Format, Winners, Records

Writer : Mohammad Baitullah, DhakaPost Dot Net

Introduction to Copa America:

What is Copa America?

Copa America, often referred to as the CONMEBOL Copa América, is the premier international men’s football tournament for national teams in South America. Organized by the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL), it is the oldest still-running continental football competition in the world, dating back to 1916. The tournament determines the champion of South America, showcasing intense rivalries, skillful play, and a passionate football culture that rivals any global competition.

Why is it important in world football?

Copa America holds a prestigious place in world football as a breeding ground for some of the sport’s greatest talents, including Lionel Messi, Diego Maradona, and Pelé. It serves as a critical platform for South American teams to assert dominance and prepare for global events like the FIFA World Cup. The tournament’s rich history, competitive intensity, and cultural significance make it a cornerstone of international football, drawing millions of viewers worldwide. Its inclusion of guest nations from North America and Asia further amplifies its global appeal.

Who organizes Copa America?

The tournament is organized by CONMEBOL, the governing body for football in South America, founded in 1916. CONMEBOL oversees ten member nations: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. In recent decades, CONMEBOL has partnered with other confederations, such as CONCACAF, to include guest teams, enhancing the tournament’s diversity and competitiveness.

History of Copa America :

When and where was the first Copa America held?

The inaugural Copa America, then called the South American Football Championship, took place in 1916 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was organized to celebrate Argentina’s centenary of independence and featured four teams: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Uruguay emerged as the first champion, defeating Argentina 1-0 in the final match. This event marked the birth of the oldest international continental football competition, predating the FIFA World Cup by 14 years.

Evolution of Copa America (1916–present)

Copa America’s format and frequency have evolved significantly since 1916. Initially, the tournament was held irregularly, sometimes annually, sometimes with gaps of several years due to political tensions, wars, or organizational challenges. For example, disputes between Argentina and Uruguay disrupted the 1930s, and the tournament faced interruptions during World War II. By 1986, CONMEBOL standardized the event, adopting a biennial schedule from 1987 to 2001, then shifting to a triennial and later quadrennial format. Since 2007, it has generally been held every four years, with exceptions like the 2016 Centenario edition.

The inclusion of guest nations began in 1993, with Mexico and other CONCACAF teams joining to expand the field to 12 teams. The 2016 and 2024 editions featured 16 teams, reflecting a more inclusive format. Hosting duties have rotated among CONMEBOL nations, with Argentina hosting nine times, the most of any country. The United States, a non-CONMEBOL nation, hosted in 2016 and 2024, marking significant milestones in the tournament’s global outreach.

Key moments in Copa America history :

1916: The first tournament sets the stage for South American football dominance, with Uruguay’s victory.
1975-1983: The tournament was held without a fixed host, played across multiple countries, a unique format in its history.
1987: Diego Maradona’s Argentina, despite being favorites, finished fourth, highlighting the tournament’s unpredictability.
2016: The Copa America Centenario, hosted in the USA, celebrated the tournament’s 100th anniversary with a special commemorative trophy. Chile defeated Argentina in a penalty shootout.
2021: Lionel Messi finally won his first Copa America title with Argentina, ending a 28-year drought for the nation.
2024: Argentina secured their record 16th title, defeating Colombia 1-0 in extra time in Miami, USA.

Format of the Tournament :

How teams qualify :

All ten CONMEBOL member nations automatically qualify for Copa America. Since 1993, additional teams, typically two to six, are invited from other confederations, primarily CONCACAF, to complete the tournament field. For the 2024 edition, six CONCACAF teams qualified through the 2023–24 CONCACAF Nations League, including the United States, Mexico, Canada, Jamaica, Panama, and Costa Rica. Guest teams like Japan and Qatar have also participated in past editions.

Group stages and knockout format:

The modern Copa America typically features 12 or 16 teams divided into groups of four. In 2024, the 16 teams were split into four groups (A, B, C, D), with the top two teams from each group advancing to the knockout stage. The knockout phase includes quarterfinals, semifinals, a third-place match, and the final. In the group stage, teams earn three points for a win, one for a draw, and zero for a loss. Tiebreakers include goal difference and goals scored. In the knockout stage, matches tied after 90 minutes proceed to extra time, and if still tied, to penalties (except in the third-place match and final, where extra time is played).

Guest nations and invitations:

Since 1993, guest nations have been a staple of Copa America to expand the tournament and test CONMEBOL teams against international competition. Mexico has been the most frequent guest, participating from 1993 to 2016, reaching two finals (1993, 2001). Other CONCACAF nations like the USA, Costa Rica, and Jamaica, and AFC teams like Japan (1999, 2019) and Qatar (2019), have also been invited. Invitations are strategic, often based on competitive strength or preparation for events like the FIFA World Cup.

Changes over the years:

The tournament’s format has shifted from a round-robin system in early editions to the modern group-and-knockout structure. The number of teams has grown from four in 1916 to 16 in 2016 and 2024. Hosting has transitioned from irregular assignments to a rotation policy among CONMEBOL nations since 1984, with exceptions for special editions like 2016 and 2024. The inclusion of female referees in 2024, such as Tori Penso, marked a historic step toward inclusivity.

Participating Teams:

CONMEBOL member nations:

The ten CONMEBOL nations are:

Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela

These teams form the core of Copa America, with Argentina and Uruguay historically dominating.

Invited teams (e.g., Mexico, Japan, USA):

Guest teams enhance the tournament’s competitiveness. Mexico has been the most successful guest, reaching two finals. The 2024 edition included six CONCACAF teams: USA, Mexico, Canada, Jamaica, Panama, and Costa Rica. Japan and Qatar participated in 2019, with Japan also appearing in 1999. Invitations to teams like Spain, China, and Australia were considered but not realized due to scheduling conflicts.

Number of teams in the 2024/2025 edition:

The 2024 Copa America featured 16 teams, a format likely to continue in 2025 if held, though no official confirmation exists for a 2025 edition. The 16-team format includes all 10 CONMEBOL nations and six guest teams, typically from CONCACAF.

Notable Copa America Winners:

Full list of Copa America champions (year-by-year):

Below is a comprehensive list of Copa America winners, based on historical records:

1916–1926: Uruguay (1916, 1917, 1920, 1923, 1924, 1926), Argentina (1921, 1925), Brazil (1919, 1922)
1927–1937: Argentina (1927, 1929, 1937), Uruguay (1935)
1939–1949: Peru (1939), Argentina (1941, 1945, 1946, 1947), Uruguay (1942)
1953–1959: Paraguay (1953), Argentina (1955, 1957), Uruguay (1956, 1959)
1963–1967: Bolivia (1963), Uruguay (1967)
1975–1983: Peru (1975), Paraguay (1979), Uruguay (1983)
1987–1995: Uruguay (1987, 1995), Argentina (1991, 1993)
1997–2007: Brazil (1997, 1999, 2004, 2007), Colombia (2001)
2011–2016: Uruguay (2011), Chile (2015, 2016)
2019–2024: Brazil (2019), Argentina (2021, 2024)

Argentina holds a record 16 titles, followed by Uruguay with 15, and Brazil with 9.

Which country has won Copa America the most times?

Argentina is the most successful nation with 16 titles, surpassing Uruguay’s 15 in 2024. Their victories span from 1921 to 2024, with their latest triumph against Colombia in Miami.

Top 3 most successful nations

Argentina (16 titles, 14 runners-up)
Uruguay (15 titles, 6 runners-up)
Brazil (9 titles, 12 runners-up)

These nations have dominated Copa America, with Argentina and Uruguay alone accounting for 31 of the 48 titles.

Copa America 2024/2025 Edition (Upcoming or Current):

Host country and venues:

The 2024 Copa America was hosted by the United States from June 20 to July 14, 2024, across 14 cities, including Atlanta, Miami, and Charlotte. Key venues included Mercedes-Benz Stadium (opening match) and Hard Rock Stadium (final). No official host has been confirmed for 2025, as the tournament typically follows a quadrennial schedule, making 2028 the likely next edition. However, CONMEBOL’s rotation policy suggests a South American host, possibly Brazil or Chile, unless another special edition is announced.

Teams participating:

The 2024 edition featured 16 teams:

CONMEBOL: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
CONCACAF: USA, Mexico, Canada, Jamaica, Panama, Costa Rica

The 2025 edition, if held, would likely follow a similar structure, though no details are confirmed.

Fixtures and groups:

The 2024 group stage draw, held on December 7, 2023, in Miami, allocated teams as follows:

Group A: Argentina, Peru, Chile, Canada
Group B: Mexico, Ecuador, Venezuela, Jamaica
Group C: Uruguay, USA, Panama, Bolivia
Group D: Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Costa Rica

The 2024 schedule included 32 matches, with the final on July 14. No 2025 schedule is available, as the tournament’s occurrence is unconfirmed.

Key players to watch:

In 2024, standout players included:

Lionel Messi (Argentina): Broke appearance records, led Argentina to victory.
Vinicius Jr. (Brazil): Key attacker in Neymar’s absence.
Christian Pulisic (USA): Leading figure for the host nation.

For a potential 2025 edition, these players, alongside emerging talents like Colombia’s James Rodríguez, would likely remain focal points.

Broadcasting and streaming info

The 2024 Copa America was broadcast in the USA on FOX, FS1, and FS2, with streaming on Fubo and the FOX Sports app. Globally, networks like ESPN and regional broadcasters covered the event. For 2025, similar platforms are expected if the tournament occurs, with updates closer to the date.

Legendary Players of Copa America:

Top scorers in tournament history

Norberto Méndez (Argentina) and Zizinho (Brazil): 17 goals each, a record since 1953.
Lionel Messi: Approaching the record with 13 goals by 2024, potentially breaking it in future editions.

Best players in each era

1916–1950s: Ángel Labruna (Argentina), Ademir (Brazil), and José Manuel Moreno (Argentina) defined early tournaments.
1960s–1980s: Diego Maradona (Argentina) dazzled but never won, while Uruguay’s Pedro Rocha shone.
1990s–2000s: Brazil’s Ronaldo and Rivaldo delivered in dominant years.
2010s–present: Lionel Messi and Chile’s Alexis Sánchez have been pivotal.

Lionel Messi’s role and records

Messi has played a transformative role, winning in 2021 and 2024. In 2024, he broke the record for most Copa America appearances (35 matches), surpassing Sergio Livingstone. His 13 goals place him close to the all-time scoring record. His leadership has solidified Argentina’s recent dominance.

Other icons: Maradona, Pelé, Neymar, etc.

Diego Maradona: Competed in 1979, 1987, and 1989, scoring three goals in 1987 but never winning.
Pelé: Appeared only in 1958, with Brazil not prioritizing Copa America during his era.
Neymar: Missed 2024 due to injury but was key in Brazil’s 2019 triumph.

Copa America vs Euro Cup:

Major differences:

Geography: Copa America involves South American teams (plus guests), while the UEFA Euro features European nations.
Team count: Copa America typically has 12–16 teams; Euro 2024 had 24.
Frequency: Copa America’s schedule has been inconsistent but is now quadrennial; the Euros are held every four years consistently.
Guest teams: Copa America invites non-CONMEBOL teams; the Euros are exclusive to UEFA members.
Format: Both use group and knockout stages, but Copa America’s smaller field leads to a shorter tournament.

Which tournament is harder?

Debate persists over which tournament is more competitive. Copa America features fewer teams but includes powerhouses like Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, with intense rivalries. The Euros have a larger field with more top-tier teams (e.g., Spain, France, Germany), increasing the likelihood of upsets. Argentina’s Emiliano Martínez noted in 2024 that poor pitch conditions in Copa America can make it less polished than the Euros, but the competitive level is comparable.

Cultural and competitive value:

Copa America embodies South American passion, with vibrant fanbases and historic rivalries like Argentina vs. Brazil. The Euros, held across Europe’s diverse nations, draw larger global audiences due to Europe’s football infrastructure and media reach. Both tournaments are crucial for regional pride and player development, with the Finalissima pitting their winners against each other (e.g., Spain vs. Argentina in 2026).

Interesting Facts About Copa America:

Oldest international football tournament:

Copa America, started in 1916, predates the FIFA World Cup (1930) and the UEFA Euro (1960), making it the oldest continental football competition.

Highest scoring matches:

Argentina 12-0 Ecuador (1942): One of the most lopsided results in tournament history.
Brazil 9-0 Colombia (1957): A display of Brazil’s attacking prowess.

Surprising upsets

Bolivia 1963: Hosted and won their only title, defeating Brazil and Argentina.
Colombia 2001: Won their first and only title on home soil, beating Mexico in the final.

Records held

Most titles: Argentina (16).
Most appearances: Lionel Messi (35 matches by 2024).
Most goals in a single tournament: Jair (Brazil, 1949) and others with 9 goals.

Impact of Copa America on World Football:

Player transfers and market value:

Copa America performances often boost player visibility, leading to high-profile transfers. For example, James Rodríguez’s 2014 World Cup and Copa America displays secured his move to Real Madrid. Young talents like Vinicius Jr. gain global attention, increasing their market value.

Role in FIFA rankings:

Strong Copa America performances contribute to FIFA World Ranking points, especially for CONMEBOL teams. Argentina’s 2021 and 2024 wins solidified their top ranking, while guest teams like Mexico benefit from competitive exposure.

Global popularity and viewership:

The 2024 Copa America averaged 1.23 million viewers per match in the USA, a 371% increase from 2021. Lionel Messi’s presence significantly boosted interest, with the final drawing massive global audiences. The tournament’s broadcast on FOX and streaming platforms like Fubo highlights its growing reach.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Copa America

What is Copa America and why is it important?

Copa America is the oldest international continental football tournament, organized by CONMEBOL since 1916. It determines South America’s champion and is vital for showcasing talent, regional pride, and preparation for global events like the World Cup.

Which country has won the most Copa America titles?

Argentina, with 16 titles, holds the record, overtaking Uruguay (15) in 2024.

How many teams play in Copa America?

The 2024 edition featured 16 teams (10 CONMEBOL, 6 CONCACAF). Historically, it has ranged from 4 to 16 teams.

When and where is the next Copa America?

No 2025 edition is confirmed. The next likely tournament is in 2028, with the host unannounced, potentially a CONMEBOL nation like Brazil.

Is Copa America older than the World Cup?

Yes, Copa America (1916) is older than the FIFA World Cup (1930).

Who is the all-time top scorer in Copa America?

Norberto Méndez (Argentina) and Zizinho (Brazil) share the record with 17 goals each.

How often is Copa America held?

It is typically held every four years since 2007, with exceptions like the 2016 Centenario.

Can non-South American teams play in Copa America?

Yes, guest teams like Mexico, USA, Japan, and Qatar have participated since 1993.

Where can I watch Copa America 2024/2025?

The 2024 tournament was broadcast on FOX, FS1, FS2, and streamed on Fubo. Similar platforms are expected for future editions.

Who won the last Copa America?

Argentina won the 2024 Copa America, defeating Colombia 1-0 in extra time.

How does Copa America compare to UEFA Euro?

Copa America has fewer teams and includes guests, while the Euros are larger and Europe-only. Both are highly competitive, with Copa America’s passion matching the Euros’ polish.

How are guest teams selected?

CONMEBOL invites teams based on competitive strength, often via CONCACAF Nations League performance or strategic partnerships (e.g., Japan for World Cup prep).

What is the prize money for Copa America winners?

Exact figures for 2024 are unavailable, but winners typically receive millions, with estimates suggesting $5-10 million based on past tournaments.

Has Lionel Messi won Copa America?

Yes, Messi won in 2021 and 2024 with Argentina.

Which player has played the most Copa America matches?

Lionel Messi holds the record with 35 matches by 2024.

20 Key Moments in Copa America History:

The Copa America, the oldest international football tournament, has delivered unforgettable moments since its inception in 1916. From historic firsts to dramatic upsets, these milestones have shaped its legacy as a cornerstone of world football. Below are 20 pivotal moments in Copa America history, each highlighting the tournament’s passion, drama, and global impact.

1. The First Copa America (1916):

In 1916, Buenos Aires, Argentina, hosted the inaugural South American Football Championship, now known as Copa America, to celebrate Argentina’s centenary of independence. Four teams—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay—competed, with Uruguay claiming the first title in a 1-0 victory over Argentina. This event marked the birth of the oldest still-running continental football competition, setting the stage for a century of football excellence.

2. Brazil’s First Title (1919):

Brazil secured their first Copa America title in 1919, defeating Uruguay 1-0 in a playoff match in Rio de Janeiro. The tournament, expanded to include a playoff for the first time, showcased Brazil’s emerging football prowess. Arthur Friedenreich’s extra-time goal was a defining moment, signaling Brazil’s potential as a future powerhouse.

3. Argentina’s Maiden Victory (1921):

Argentina won their first Copa America in 1921, hosted in Buenos Aires, defeating Brazil, Uruguay, and Chile in a round-robin format. Julio Libonatti’s goal-scoring heroics led Argentina to an undefeated campaign, cementing their status as a dominant force and igniting the fierce Argentina-Uruguay rivalry that would define the tournament.

4. Uruguay’s Dominance in the 1920s:

Uruguay’s back-to-back titles in 1923 and 1924 solidified their early dominance. The 1924 tournament, held in Montevideo, saw Uruguay crush Argentina 3-0 in the final round, with Pedro Petrone leading the scoring. These victories showcased Uruguay’s tactical discipline and set the stage for their 1930 World Cup triumph.

5. Peru’s Surprise Victory (1939):

Peru stunned the football world by winning the 1939 Copa America in Lima, their first title. Defeating Uruguay 2-1 in the final match, Peru capitalized on home support and the brilliance of Teodoro Fernández, who scored seven goals. This upset remains one of the tournament’s most memorable underdog stories.

6. Argentina’s Golden Era Begins (1941):

Argentina’s 1941 victory in Chile marked the start of a golden era, as they won four titles in the 1940s (1941, 1945, 1946, 1947). The 1941 tournament saw Ángel Labruna and José Manuel Moreno dominate, with Argentina’s 12-0 rout of Ecuador setting a record for the largest margin of victory in Copa America history.

7. Brazil’s 9-0 Thrashing of Colombia (1957):

In 1957, Brazil delivered a 9-0 demolition of Colombia in Lima, one of the highest-scoring matches in Copa America history. Evaristo de Macedo scored five goals, showcasing Brazil’s attacking flair. This performance foreshadowed Brazil’s global dominance in the late 1950s, led by stars like Pelé.

8. Bolivia’s Historic Home Win (1963):

Bolivia achieved their only Copa America title in 1963, hosting in La Paz and Cochabamba. The high altitude proved a challenge for opponents, and Bolivia’s 5-4 victory over Brazil in the final round, led by Máximo Alcócer, marked a rare upset against South America’s giants.

9. No-Host Format Introduced (1975):

The 1975 Copa America, won by Peru, was the first to adopt a no-fixed-host format, with matches played across multiple countries. Peru defeated Colombia in a three-match final series, with Hugo Sotil’s heroics proving decisive. This unique structure highlighted the tournament’s adaptability during a period of political instability.

10. Paraguay’s Second Title (1979):

Paraguay clinched their second Copa America in 1979, defeating Chile in a final series. The no-host format continued, and Paraguay’s defensive resilience, led by Roberto Fernández, secured a 3-1 aggregate victory. This triumph remains a high point in Paraguayan football history.

11. Uruguay’s Return to Glory (1983):

After a 16-year drought, Uruguay won the 1983 Copa America, defeating Brazil in a two-leg final. Enzo Francescoli’s brilliance earned him the nickname “El Príncipe,” and Uruguay’s 2-0 home win in Montevideo showcased their enduring strength, adding to their record 15 titles.

12. Maradona’s Disappointment (1987):

In 1987, Diego Maradona, fresh off his 1986 World Cup triumph, led Argentina as favorites in Buenos Aires. However, they finished fourth, losing 1-0 to Uruguay in the semifinals. This upset underscored Copa America’s unpredictability, even for a player of Maradona’s caliber.

13. Guest Nations Introduced (1993):

The 1993 Copa America in Ecuador marked the debut of guest nations, with Mexico and the USA joining the 10 CONMEBOL teams. Mexico reached the final, losing 2-1 to Argentina, proving guest teams could compete. This expansion broadened the tournament’s global appeal and competitiveness.

14. Brazil’s Late-90s Dominance (1997):

Brazil’s 1997 victory in Bolivia, led by Ronaldo’s five goals, began a period of dominance with titles in 1997, 1999, 2004, and 2007. Their 3-1 final win over Bolivia showcased a new generation of stars, including Roberto Carlos and Romário, cementing Brazil’s modern legacy.

15. Colombia’s First Title (2001):

Colombia won their first and only Copa America in 2001, hosting and defeating Mexico 1-0 in the final. Iván Córdoba’s goal and a staunch defense led by Óscar Córdoba made Colombia the first team to go unbeaten and concede no goals in the tournament, a historic feat.

16. Chile’s Back-to-Back Triumphs (2015):

Chile won their first Copa America in 2015, hosting and defeating Argentina 4-1 on penalties in the final. Alexis Sánchez’s decisive penalty ended Chile’s 99-year wait for a title, with their high-pressing style under Jorge Sampaoli redefining South American football.

17. Copa America Centenario (2016):

The 2016 Copa America Centenario, hosted in the USA, celebrated the tournament’s 100th anniversary. Chile repeated as champions, again defeating Argentina on penalties. The 16-team format, including six CONCACAF teams, and Lionel Messi’s emotional retirement announcement post-final made it a landmark event.

18. Brazil’s Home Victory (2019):

Brazil ended a 12-year title drought in 2019, winning 3-1 against Peru in the final at the Maracanã. Gabriel Jesus and Richarlison starred, while Neymar’s absence highlighted Brazil’s depth. The tournament also featured guest teams Japan and Qatar, emphasizing its global reach.

19. Messi’s First Copa America (2021):

Lionel Messi finally won his first Copa America in 2021, leading Argentina to a 1-0 victory over Brazil in the final at the Maracanã. Ángel Di María’s goal ended Argentina’s 28-year title drought, and Messi’s four goals and five assists earned him the Best Player award, a defining moment in his career.

20. Argentina’s Record 16th Title (2024):

In 2024, Argentina won their record-breaking 16th Copa America title, defeating Colombia 1-0 in extra time at Hard Rock Stadium, Miami. Lautaro Martínez’s 112th-minute goal, assisted by Giovani Lo Celso, saw Argentina surpass Uruguay’s 15 titles. Lionel Messi’s record 35th appearance further cemented his legacy.